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== Definition and History== "Endoscopic ear surgery" or "EES" is defined as the use of the rigid endoscope, in contrast to the operating room microscope, to visualize the middle and inner ear during otologic surgery.〔http://www.sinuscentro.com.br/iwgees/〕 Similar to the early years of FESS - functional endoscopic sinus surgery,〔Vining E, Kennedy D. The transmigration of endoscopic sinus surgery from Europe to the United States. Ear Nose Throat J 1994; 73:456.〕 EES has been controversial since early descriptions in the 1960s.〔Mer S, Derbyshire J, Brushenko A, Pontarelli D. Fiberoptic Endotoscope for Examining the Middle Ear. Arch Otolaryngol 1967; 85:61-67.〕 One of the benefits of an endoscope compared to the microscope is the wide-field view of the middle ear afforded by the location of the light source at the tip of the instrument and the availability of various types of angled lenses. Middle ear procedures that utilize a rigid endoscope for viewing may reduce the need to drill for enhanced exposure of the operative field.〔(Systematic review of outcomes following observational and operative endoscopic middle ear surgery. )〕 The traditional otologic operating microscopes typically require larger portals (e.g., postauricular approaches) to enable adequate passage of light for intraoperative viewing and follow-up surveillance in the clinic.〔Badr-El-Dine M, James AL, Panetti G, Marchioni D, Presutti L, Nogueira JF. Instrumentation and technologies in endoscopic ear surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013;46:211–225.〕 One handed dissection is cited as the main drawback to EES. The indications for this relatively new technique are evolving. The use of rigid endoscopes to perform ear surgery (operative EES), rather than just to visualize the contents of the middle ear (observational EES), is increasing as optimized instrumentation and operative approaches become available. ''Classification System:'' 〔(Pediatric endoscopic ear surgery in clinical practice: Lessons learned and early outcomes )〕 Class 0: Microscopic only case Class 1: Inspection with endoscope Class 2: Mixed dissection with endoscope and microscope Class 3: Endoscopic only case 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Endoscopic ear surgery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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